Journal: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Article Title: Pathology and pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment—a critical update

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Major cerebrovascular lesions associated with cognitive impairment .

Article Snippet: Large vessel dementia (LVD) Multiple infarct dementia (MID): Multiple large artery/borderline infarcts, cortical and subcortical, with perifocal lesions in gray and white matter. Small vessel dementia (SVD) Subcortical infarct dementia: Multiple small lacunar infarcts with perifocal lesions in white matter. “Granular atrophy” of cortex (multifocal cortical microinfarcts) Lacunes and multilacunar state Binswanger subcortical (leuko)encephalopathy Hereditary angiopathies—CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) and others Cortical plus subcortical infarct dementia: Multiple, restricted small infarcts due to: Hypertensive and arteriolosclerotic angiopathy Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, with/without hemorrhages Collagen or inflammatory vascular disease (angiitis, PCNSA, FMD) Hereditary forms of CAA Hypoperfusive, hypoxic-ischemic dementia (HHD) Incomplete white matter infarcts Anti-PL related ischemia Diffuse hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (cortical lacunar necrosis, post cardiac arrest, hypotension) Venous infarct dementia Large hemorrhagic, congestive symmetric infarcts due to thrombosis of the sagittal sinus or the great vein of Galen Hemorrhagic dementia Subdural hemorrhage Subarachnoid hemorrhage Intracerebral hemorrhage Multiple microbleeds, particularly subcortical.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Article Title: Pathology and pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment—a critical update

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Newcastle categorization of the major cerebrovascular lesions associated with cognitive impairment (modified from Kalaria et al., 2004 ) .

Article Snippet: Large vessel dementia (LVD) Multiple infarct dementia (MID): Multiple large artery/borderline infarcts, cortical and subcortical, with perifocal lesions in gray and white matter. Small vessel dementia (SVD) Subcortical infarct dementia: Multiple small lacunar infarcts with perifocal lesions in white matter. “Granular atrophy” of cortex (multifocal cortical microinfarcts) Lacunes and multilacunar state Binswanger subcortical (leuko)encephalopathy Hereditary angiopathies—CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) and others Cortical plus subcortical infarct dementia: Multiple, restricted small infarcts due to: Hypertensive and arteriolosclerotic angiopathy Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, with/without hemorrhages Collagen or inflammatory vascular disease (angiitis, PCNSA, FMD) Hereditary forms of CAA Hypoperfusive, hypoxic-ischemic dementia (HHD) Incomplete white matter infarcts Anti-PL related ischemia Diffuse hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (cortical lacunar necrosis, post cardiac arrest, hypotension) Venous infarct dementia Large hemorrhagic, congestive symmetric infarcts due to thrombosis of the sagittal sinus or the great vein of Galen Hemorrhagic dementia Subdural hemorrhage Subarachnoid hemorrhage Intracerebral hemorrhage Multiple microbleeds, particularly subcortical.

Techniques: Modification